中文摘要：

随着现代医学技术的快速发展，越来越多的孕妇、胎儿及婴幼儿在全身麻醉下接受手术治疗。全麻药是否导致发育期中枢神经系统损伤是近年来深受关注的热点问题。近年来基础研究发现，在神经系统发育关键期，全麻药影响发育期神经系统突触可塑性，并导致发育期神经元凋亡及其他退行性神经病变，最后影响成年期学习记忆功能。现结合发育期大脑的解剖、生理特征，对全麻药诱导发育期神经系统毒性的表现及其机制以及基于目前研究的干预措施予以综述。

英文摘要：

With the rapid development of modern medicine, growing number of pregnant women, fetus and neonatal infants are subjects to operation under general anesthesia. Hence it is highly concerned that whether general anesthetics induce injury in developmental central nervous system. Recent studies indicate that general anesthetics impair synaptic plasticity and even induce neuroapoptosis and other neurodegenera- tire changes during the brain growth spurt period, eventually induce learning and memory dysfunction in ado- lescent. Here is to make a review on the demonstrations and mechanisms of general anesthetics-induced new rotoxicity and possible protective interventions for this neurodegeneration, coupled with the anatomical and physiological characteristics of developmental brain.