中文摘要：

用1：50万森林类型图为信息源，以GIS为手段，对黄土高原地区森林景观类型斑块的大小、形状以及空间特征进行了分析。结果表明：黄土高原地区27类森林总面积仅64980．7km^2，共有斑块数5890个，林斑平均面积较小，且分布不均，森林景观破碎化程度较高。森林景观以华北落叶松林、山杨林、油松林、辽东栎林等为优势类型。黄土高原森林景观类型的形状指数值都比较大，说明森林斑块的形状明显偏离于圆形和方形，多为狭长的不规则形，其斑块的边界率都比较高。不同类型森林分维数变化较大，这也表明黄土高原森林景观破碎化程度较高，景观异质性较大。

英文摘要：

Loess Plateau is located between humid, semi-humid area and the northwest arid area of China. Because of the influence of drought and windy climate and the poor soil structure, the soil erosion and land desertification are the serious problems in Loess Plateau, and its ecological environment is sensitive to disturbance. The bad-cireulation of vegetation destroying →soll and water loss→land desertification is dominant process in this area. Present Loess Plateau is mainly consisted of hills and gullies just due to this process, and its vegetation landscape is very special in China. It is important to study the characteristics of forest vegetation landscape in the management of Loess Plateau. Based on the information of Loess Plateau Forest Map （ 1 ： 500 000）, this paper studies the features of patch size, patch shape and their spatial distribution of forest landscape by use of GIS techniques. The results show that there are 5 980 patches with a total area of 64 980.7 km^2 for 27 vegetation formations in Loess Plateau. That the average patch size is comparatively small and their distribution is uneven suggests that the heterogeneity of forest landscape is high. The forest types of Form. Larix principis-rupprechtii, Form. Pinus tabulaeformis, Form. Quercus liaotungensis, Form. Populus davidiana etc. are dominant in forest landscape. The values of shape indices of forest landscape are comparatively great, which illustrates that the shapes of forest patches are obviously deviated from circle and squire, and perform as irregular and long-narrow shapes with great length of patch boundary. The fractal dimensions of different forest patches are varied greatly, which further indicate that the heterogeneity of forest landscape in Loess Plateau is great.