中文摘要：

重点探讨了绿洲乡土聚落形态在水资源约束下所呈现的各种特征。界定了乡土聚落、聚落形态的概念;从历史维度和空间维度进行了绿洲聚落变迁与分布的水资源约束分析;以新疆吐鲁番麻扎古村落为例,从聚落选址形态、聚落水平形态、聚落垂直形态、聚落要素形态4个方面,探讨了基于水资源约束下的绿洲乡土聚落形态特征,总结归纳出＂缘水而居＂、＂川形水系＂、＂上居下耕＂、＂窄院落＂、＂亭空间＂、＂凹凸空间＂、＂亲水空间＂、＂逐水而绿,随水分布＂等多条形态特征。

英文摘要：

The aim of the research is to reveal the features of oasis vernacular settlement patterns under the water resource constraints.Firstly,the we gave the definition of ＂vernacular settlement＂ and ＂settlement patterns＂,and reviewed the oasis vernacular settlement patterns research.Secondly,from the historical dimension and space dimension,we analyzed the relationship between oasis settlement change and the distribution and oasis water resources constraint.Finally,taking the example of Turpan Mazar village,from site selection,level form,vertical form and factor form,we explored the features of settlement patterns under the perspective on water resource constraints.These features were summarized as the ＂dwelling following the river＂＂ Chuan-shaped water system＂,＂ plowing under the home ＂,＂ narrow courtyard,＂＂ pavilion space,＂＂ bump space ＂,＂ water space ＂and＂ planting with water distribution＂ and several other forms characteristics.