中文摘要：

以苯酚和甲醛为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂,采用两步碱催化合成工艺,制备了水溶性酚醛树脂前驱体。使前驱体在高温下炭化,制备出以介孔为主的活性炭。将活性炭在2.5mol·L^-1 HNO3溶液中进行活化后得到产品。所得产品的物理性质用红外光谱（IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和比表面（BET）测试进行表征。结果显示活化后活性炭比表面积略有下降,平均孔径变宽,但因活化增加了活性炭含氧官能团的含量,使得活性炭表面有效比表面积增加。电化学测试结果表明活化后的活性炭电极比容量增加,达到250F·g^-1。

英文摘要：

Water soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin was prepared from phenol and formaldehyde through a two-step alkaline catalytic reaction, and sodium hydroxide was added as catalyst. Mesoporous carbon was obtained by decomposition of the phenol-formaldehyde resin at a high temperature. Then the product was activated in 2.5 mol·L^-1 HNO3. Physical properties of the product were characterized by infrared spectrometer （IR） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and porosity measurements. The results showed that activation resulted in a lower specific surface area and broader pore size distribution. On the other hand, activated carbon treated in HNOa increased the content of oxygen-containing functional groups, which increased the effective surface area. The activated carbon demonstrated good electrochemical performance in KOH electrolyte. The specific capacitance was approximately 250 F·g^-1.