中文摘要：

认知科学是一门旨在研究人的认知活动的内在过程的综合性的交叉学科。其研究取向发生了一系列的转变：经历了符号加工、联结主义、行为生态学、认知动力学以及当今热门的认知神经科学取向的转变。认知心理学研究取向的转换与发展旨在探寻一种更合适、更具有说服力的研究取向和研究方法，更好地理解人类心理活动的认知过程。研究取向的转换及发展是科学研究进步的表现，是各学科共同影响的结果，有利于更好、更全面地了解人的认知活动的内在机制及发展进程，也有利于增添学科创新的活力。

英文摘要：

Cognitive science is a comprehensive cross-disciplinary subject aiming at studying the internal processes of human＇s cognitive activities. Its research orientation has experienced a series of transformations, from symbolic processing orientation, connectionism orientation, ecological orientation, cognitive dynamic orientation to popular cognitive neuroscience orientation. Based on the fundamental theories, and characteristics of the study of each research orientation in the area of cognitive science, this paper mainly explored the causation, significance and tendency of its transformation. Conversion and development of research orientation is the manifestation of scientific research progress, and also the results of convergent influences from different discipline, which facilitate better and more comprehensive understanding of the internal mechanism and developmental course of human cognitive activities. Meanwhile it also increases the vigor of the subject to be more innovative.