中文摘要：

近年，考古学家发现坚果类植物在农业起源中曾占有很重要的地位。为了对考占器物上附着的淀粉粒进行鉴定，我们对中国北方现代主要坚果类栗属（Castanea）中的板栗（C．mollisima）、栎属（Quercus）中的槲树（p．dentata）、槲栎（Q．aliena）、麻栎（Q．acutissima）、栓皮栎（p．viriabilis）、蒙古栎（Q．mongolicus）和胡桃属（Juglans）中的胡桃楸（J．mandshurica）共7个样品进行了淀粉粒形态对比分析，以求为建立北方坚果类淀粉粒的鉴定标准积累资料。实验结果发现，除胡桃楸未发现淀粉物质以外，其他6个样品的淀粉粒不仅可以与其他科、属进行区分，甚至在一定程度上还可以进行种问的区分。板栗的脐点是闭合的，有层纹，无裂隙；麻栎脐点是偏心的；槲树栓皮栎的淀粉粒近乎80％都具有裂隙特征，但栓皮栎的淀粉粒中会出现横裂隙和相当数量的星形裂隙而只有槲树的淀粉粒才具有相当数量的纵向裂隙；蒙古栎的淀粉也大多具有裂隙（〉70％）而且纵向型裂隙占主要地位，但是蒙古栎淀粉粒表面有细密的放射线；60％的槲栎淀粉粒不具有裂隙特征。所有样品的淀粉粒均由大小不一的各种卵圆形组成，而且6个样品的长轴最大值（约20μm）和6个样品的平均值（约10μm）都非常接近。

英文摘要：

Nuts were found to be significant to Neolithic people, and might be critical to agricultural origins. In order to identify starch grains extracted from nuts at archaeological sites, morphological characters of starch grains from some modern species of nut produced plants are observed. Altogether 7 modern nut samples of Castanea mollisima, Quercus dentata, Q. aliena, Q. acutissima, Q. viriabilis, Q. mongolicus, and Juglans mandshurica from North China are analyzed. A little piece was cut from nuts and put into water in a disposal plastic tube,soaked for hours. Then drops of the liquid were mounted on slides with very dilute glycerine. 100 starch grains from each sample were measured and observed under unpolarized light. No starch is extracted from J. mandshurica but much oil substance is seen in the visual field. Starch grains are found from all other 6 species and they show different shapes or different surface sculpture. Starch grains from C. mollisima are featured with close hila, lamellae, and almost no fissures through the hila. Hila of starch grains from Q. acutissima are eccentric. Approximately 80% starch grains from Q. dentata and Q. viriabilis have fissures. Transverse and stellate fissures present in most Q. viriabilis starch grains, while starch grains from Q. dentata are characterized by longitudinal fissures. Though the majority of starch grains （ ca. 70%） from Q. mongolicus have longitudinal fissures, the dense short lines radiating on the surface of grains is different from others. Only 40% starch grains from Q. aliena are characterized by fissures,of which slight linear fissures are dominant. The general shape of starch grains from these nuts is very different from those of Triticum, Hordeum, Zea, Setaria,Panicum, and Colocasia. These features will be very helpful to identify starch grains extracted from archaeological context and understand the plant use during the past time.