中文摘要：

均等化转移支付规模的研究首先需要确定“均等化”目标的含义。义务教育均等化不应仅仅是财政经费占用量的均等，而应是产出或结果的均等。这意味着生均经费支出总水平不能有太大的差异。在此目标下，我们以全国省级2000—2004年数据为样本，利用双固定效应回归技术，寻找义务教育需要的决定机制。并在回归模型确定的决定机制基础上，根据变量性质与农村人口学统计特征、农村物价水平等特征，具体计算了合意的均等化目标下农村所需的义务教育均等化转移支付规模。实证研究表明，均等化转移支付需求较大，而且，地区间的差异较为明显。

英文摘要：

The research on the fiscal transfer payment scale of equalization requires defining the meaning of the equalization target. The equalization of the compulsory education does not only mean equal fiscal expenditures, but also equal output or result of education. In other words, there should not be much disparity in the average per student education expenditure. With this object, we take 2000-2004 data of all provinces except Tibet as samples, using fixed effect panel analysis to explore the determining mechanism of per student education expenditure. Under that mechanism, we calculate the appropriate transfer payment scale of the standard rural compulsory education need by considering the nature of the variables, the rural population statistics and the rural price level. The research finding shows that there is a great demand for the transfer payment of the equalization with obvious＇ regional differences.