中文摘要：

本文基于“投入-产出-受益”的三维视角，通过构建结构方程模型，实证分析城乡义务教育服务投入差距、产出差距和受益非均衡的相互关系。结果显示：城乡地区普通初中和小学师资力量的差距以及义务教育服务的生产效率差距，是导致城乡义务教育服务产出差距的重要原因；而城乡义务教育服务的产出差距以及城乡居民义务教育服务的偏好差异，又是导致城乡义务教育服务受益非均衡的重要原因。据此，本文认为，应着力改善农村教师的工作和生活条件，吸引人才充实农村地区的师资队伍；同时，进一步提高农村教育资源的利用效率，并增强农村居民对义务教育服务的偏好强度，最终实现从多维的角度推进城乡义务教育服务的统筹和均等化。

英文摘要：

Based on a three dimensional angles of input-output-benefit, this article analyses empirically the relationship between urban-rural gaps of input, output and benefit of compulsory education by constructing a structural equation model. Empirical results show that： the gap between urban and rural faculties in junior high and elementary schools as well as the gap of productive efficiency between urban and rural schools are the main reasons which caused the urban-rural unbalance of the output of compulsory education services; and the urban-rural unbalance of output as well as the gap between urban and rural residents＇ preference on compulsory education are the important reasons for benefit unbalance of compulsory education between urban and rural areas. This paper argues that we should improve rural teacher＇ s living and working conditions to recruit qualified personnel to supplement rural faculties. At the same time, we should improve the efficiency of using rural educational resources, and strengthen the preference on compulsory education of rural residents, so that we can promote the coordination and equalization between rural and urban compulsory education from multi-dimensional point of view.