中文摘要：

采用实验经济学方法,以不同设置的排污权交易制度,同污染税制度进行了市场效率的比较。实验数据表明,如果许可证市场是竞争性的,那么在实验室中,排污权交易制度可以达到污染税制度在最优情况下的污染控制效率水平;但是,如果许可证市场具有垄断性质,那么市场势力会影响排污权交易制度的效率,甚至会低于污染税制度的效率。研究结论对于制定环境管理政策有一定启示意义。

英文摘要：

Both policy makers and economists are concerned as to whether emissions trading institution is more efficient than traditional pollution tax system. Three treatments, including two emissions trading treatments and one pollution tax treatment, are compared in an economic laboratory experiment. The experimental data show that if permit market is competitive the emissions trading treatment can achieve the same efficiency of the pollution tax treatment, while if permit market is monopoly the efficiency of emissions trading will be reduced, even lower than that of the pollution tax treatment. The results have implications to environmental policy making.