中文摘要：

绝缘子在自然环境下所积的污秽成分多种多样,而不同的污秽成分对绝缘子的闪络特性有影响。NO3-在绝缘子自然污秽成分中的质量分数为10%~40%,为此以35 k V复合绝缘子FXBW-35/100为研究对象,试验研究了Na NO3和Na Cl对复合绝缘子的闪络特性的影响。通过测量绝缘子的闪络电压、临界泄漏电流以及两种污液的电导率,分析了Na NO3和Na Cl对复合绝缘子闪络特性的影响差异。研究结果表明：以Na NO3为污秽成分进行闪络试验,闪络电压与盐密的关系仍然满足幂函数关系。通过测电导率计算等值盐密的传统方法和闪络试验得到的结果相差很大。在进行绝缘子自然积污研究时,不能仅通过测量污秽物的电导率来确定其等值盐密,并表征绝缘子的污秽程度或进行污秽等级划分,必须综合考虑不同污秽成分的其他特性,如物理化学特性、离子之间的相互作用、对电弧发展过程的影响等。

英文摘要：

There are different kinds of contaminants on the insulator in natural environment. These contaminants affect the flashover characteristics of insulator. Since the content of NO3- in natural contaminants is 10%-40%, choosing 35 kV composite insulator FXBW-35/100 as the research object,we experimentally studied the effects of NaNO3 and NaC1 on the flashover characteristics of the composite insulator. Moreover, we analyzed the different effects of NaNO3 and NaC1 on the flashover characteristics of composite insulator by measuring flashover voltage, leakage current of the insalator and the conductivity of two kinds of dirty liquid. The research results show that when NaNO3 is used in the flashover test, the relationship between flashover voltage and salt deposit densities （SDD） still meets the power function. The results of the traditional method that calculates equivalent salt deposit density （ESDD） by measuring conductivity and the flashover experiment are quite different. Therefore, when researching the natural contaminant of insulator, we can not determine ESDD of the insulator, represent the pollution degree, or divide gradation for surface pollution just by measuring the conductivity of ESDD. We must consider synthetically other characteristics of different contaminants, such as the physical and chemical properties, the interactions between ions, effects on the development process of arcs, etc.