中文摘要：

自然条件下绝缘子表面的污秽成分受地形、气候及绝缘子表面材料的影响。为有效测量和研究电力系统外绝缘表面污秽成分，研究了离子交换色谱法对绝缘子表面污秽成分的具体测量方法，并对重庆地区自然积污的瓷、玻璃、复合绝缘子表面自然污秽离子成分进行了测量。针对目前普遍采用的离子配对原则的不足，提出了基于模糊聚类的离子配对原则，为污秽成分离子配对提供了依据。研究结果表明：重庆地区的输电线路绝缘子表面主要污秽成分为CaS04；由于污秽成分在不同材料表面的积累特性不同，位于同一地点3种绝缘子表面污秽成分和含量分布有所差异；等值盐密（equivalentsaltdepositdensity,ESDD）无法表征电力系统外绝缘自然积污程度，需在污秽地区建立基于污秽成分的污秽程度表征方法，以提高电力系统外绝缘污秽测试的可靠性。

英文摘要：

The constituents of contamination on insulators surface under field condition are affected by various factors such as terrain, climate, and insulator surface material. In order to investigate the pollution constituents on the surface of external insulation, we studied a method based on ion exchange chromatography to measure the ionic composition of nat- ural contamination on ceramic, glass, and composite insulators in Chongqing area. Aiming at the weakness of ion-pairing, we put forward a rule of ion pairs based on fuzzy cluster analysis, providing an objective basis for measuring ion-pairing of pollution constituents. The results show that CaSO4 is the primary constituent on insulators in Chongqing. The charac- ters of material can lead to difference between pollution constituents and contents on insulators with different surface material, equivalent salt deposit density （ESDD） cannot characterize the pollution level of external insulation in field con- dition. A set of characterization method basing on pollution constituents needs to be put forward to enhance the reliability of the contaminants measurement in power system external insulation.