中文摘要：

提出了一种负载型膨润土固体碱催化剂的制备方法，并将此催化剂用于生物柴油合成的酯交换反应。该催化剂通过碱性钙基膨润土在半干条件下负载氢氧化钠制得。催化剂制备的单因素实验结果表明：当氢氧化钠与碱性钙基膨润土的质量配比为0．6、负载时间为18h、温度为60℃及碱性钙基膨润土中。盯含量为1．5mmol／g时，催化剂中氢氧化钠负载量达到4．10mmoVg。将该催化剂用于生物柴油酯交换反应，反应转化率可达97．4％，反应完成后生物柴油无需洗涤，避免了三废的大量排放，减少了对环境的污染。

英文摘要：

A solid base catalyst supported on bentonite was introduced and used in the transesterification process for biodiesel production. The catalyst was prepared by adsorbing sodium hydroxide into the layers of semi-dried alkaline Ca-bentonite. The results of single factor experiments for catalyst preparation showed that the optimum conditions are： the mass ratio of NaOH and alkaline Ca-bentonite is 0.6, the loading time is 18 h, the temperature is 60℃, and the OH- contained in alkaline Ca-bentonite is 1.5 mmol·g^-1, respectively, with which the loading amount of NaOH is 4.10 mmol.g^-1. The transesterification conversion to biodiesel can be reached to 97.4% with the prepared catalyst, and the obtained biodiesel is no need to wash, which can avoid the release of a large amount of waste water and protect environment from being polluted.