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中文摘要：
针对现有的调压室临界稳定断面公式没有考虑压力管道水流惯性和调速器的影响,本文建立了考虑这两个因素的水力-调速系统数学模型,证明出临界稳定断面判据为描述调节系统的线性常系数齐次微分方程的一阶导数项系数大于零,并据此推导出包含压力管道水流惯性时间常数和调速器参数的临界稳定断面解析公式,此公式由引水隧洞项、压力管道项、调速器项组成,其中引水隧洞项即为托马公式,压力管道项为正值,调速器项为负值；最后揭示了调速器参数对临界稳定断面影响的数学本质：bt、Td对临界稳定断面增减性的影响存在临界值,但此临界值只是数学意义上的存在,工程实际中不会出现,临界稳定断面是bt、Td的单调递减函数。
英文摘要：
A mathematical model of hydraulic and governor system has been developed to consider penstock fluid inertia and governor characteristics, two factors that are not considered in the existing formula for critical stable sectional area of surge chamber. This criterion corresponds to a condition that the first-order derivative term in the homogeneous differential equation is greater than zero, and by using it a new analytical formula can be derived. This new formula has a diversion tunnel term, penstock term and governor term. The first term is Thoma＇s formula, the second positive and the last negative. Thus, the mathematical meanings of the governor parameters＇ effects on critical stable sectional area are revealed： the effect of bt or Td shows a critical value for monotonic change in critical stable area. But this value is meaningful only mathematically, because it never appears in the engineering conditions and the critical stable sectional area is always monotonically decreasing with of bt or Td.
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