中文摘要：

目的研究住院药疹的常见致病药物及临床特点。方法收集药疹患者的临床资料，进行回顾性分析。结果291例患者，重型120例，非重型171例。主要药疹类型是多形红斑型，占27％，剥脱性皮炎型23％，发疹型20％。常见致病药物中，抗生素占28％，抗痛风药占15％，镇静催眠药及抗癫痫药占13％，中药占7％，解热镇痛药占6％。重型药疹26％由剐嘌呤醇引起，24％由抗生素引起。致病药物比较，青霉素类潜伏期最短，主要致非重型药疹；剐嘌呤醇主要致重型药疹，其潜伏期、病程均较长，激素使用量较大，皮疹难控制。重型药疹在平均年龄、潜伏期、病程、伴随症状、实验室检查、激素用量及皮疹控制时间等与非重型都有显著差异。结论药疹最常见的类型是多形红斑型和副脱性皮炎型。抗生素、别嘌呤醇和镇静催眠抗癫痫药是引起药疹的最常见药物。引起重型药疹的主要为别嘌呤醇和青霉素类．

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the causative agents and the clinical characteristics of drug eruption. Methods The clinical data of inpatients with drug eruption was collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 291 patients were enrolled in this study ,including 120 cases with non-severe type of drug eruption and 171 patients with severe type of drug eruption. The most common type of drug eruption were erythema multiform drug eruption （27%）, drug-induced exfolialive dermatitis （23%） and morbilliform drug eruption and scarlaliniform drug eruption. Among the main causative agents, antibiotics accounted for 28%, antipodagrics accounted for 15% ,sedatives and hypnotics and antiepileptics for 13% , Chinese patent medicine for 7% and the antipyretic analgesic for 6%. The severe type of drug eruptions were mainly caused by allopurinol（26% ） and antibiotics（24% ）. To contrast the main kinds of causative drugs, penicillins had the shortest latent period, mainly caused non-severe type of drug eruption, while allopurinol mainly caused severe type of drug eruption. The drug eruption that allopurinol caused had a longer latent period, and the patients had to administer a larger amount of glucocorticosteroid. There were significant differences in average age, latent period, the course of disease, simultaneous phenomenon and laboratory examination between severe type and non-severe type of drug eruption. Conclusion The most common types of drug eruption in this study were erythema multiform drug eruption and drug-induced exfolialive dermatitis. Antibiotics, allopurinol and hypnotics and antiepileptics caused drug eruption most commonly. The mainly causative agents of severe type of drug eruptions were allopurinol and penicillins.