中文摘要：

目的：探讨超声定位对小儿臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果及优势。方法：选取我院收治的上肢手术患儿54例,随机分为两组。其中对照组在解剖定位下进行麻醉,实验组在超声定位下进行麻醉。比较两组麻醉完成时间、用药剂量、起效时间及不良反应等。结果：实验组麻醉完成时间及麻醉起效时间均较对照组短,用药剂量较对照组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;实验组VAS评分较对照组低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;实验组血肿发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;实验组Honer综合征、局麻药毒性反应以及气胸的发生率均低于对照组,但两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：超声定位下行小儿臂丛神经阻滞麻醉能够明显改善麻醉效果,减少麻醉完成时间、麻醉药物用量及麻醉起效时间,降低麻醉相关不良反应的发生率,值得临床推广。

英文摘要：

Objective： To discuss the effect and advantage of ultrasonic on the positioning of brachial plexus block anesthesia for children. Methods： 54 cases with upper limb surgery in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Anesthesia under the anatomical location of controls in the ultrasonic positioning under anesthesia. Then the anesthesia completion time, the dosage, the work time and adverse reactions in the two groups were observed and compared. Results： The completed time and anesthesia effect in the experimental group were shorter than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）; The VAS score was lower in the experimental group than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）; The incidence of hematoma and pneumothorax was lower in the experimental group than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）; There was no statistically significant difference about the honer syndrome, local anesthetics and other toxic effects between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Children with brachial plexus block anesthesia under ultrasonic positioning can obviously improve the anesthesia effect, reduce the completion time, anesthetic drug dosage and duration of anesthesia effect, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, to give a guidance of clinical, worth clinical promotion.