中文摘要：

近年来塔板吹翻的现象在化工生产中时有发生。设备的开停车、塔板的吹扫阶段、不同操作压力设备的联通、设备的泄压过程等都可能会引发塔板的吹翻，而高速气体对塔板的冲击是造成塔板吹翻的直接诱因。本文采用有限元计算方法，建立了数值模拟模型，研究了筛孔气速、开孔率和开孔直径对塔板受高速气体冲击时稳定性的影响。将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比分析，验证了模型的可行性。在此基础上，进一步模拟研究了筛板塔内高速气体冲击塔板的物理过程，得到不同结构参数和操作参数下塔板的应力分布情况。结果表明，塔板受高速气体冲击时，塔板边缘和中心处为应力值最大的部位，并且塔板应力值随着筛孔气速呈二次方关系增长，而随着开孔率线性下降。对于开孔率一定的塔板，存在一最佳的开孔直径，使得塔板受高速气体冲击时其应力值最小。

英文摘要：

High-speed gas caused multiple operational failures in industrial distillation and absorption columns. Many operations in chemical industry production are likely to produce high-speed gas,such as the startup and shutdown,the purging of columns,the connection of equipment with different operating pressure,and the pressure release of system. This research used finite-element method to analyze the effects of gas velocity of the holes,opening ratio and hole diameter on the stability of a sieve tray. The comparison of the results between simulation and experiments demonstrated that the simulation was effective. Based on the simulation results,an effective model was established using ANSYS to simulate the physical process of high-speed gas flowing through sieve tray,and the stress distribution under different operational conditions and structural parameters. Results showed that maximum stresses appeared in the center and edge of the tray,and the stress of the tray increased with gas velocity,and decreased with the opening ratio. For tray with fixed opening ratio, an optimal hole diameter could minimize the tray stress caused by high speed gas.