中文摘要：

本文以《汉语方音字汇》中的北京话3000语素作为原始数据库，以声母、韵母和声调作为计算单位，计算不同对立方式的音位负担量分布，计算声母、韵母和声调以及音位组合的负担量。研究发现：（1）音位负担量的大小与频次成正比；（2）声／韵／调三项对立和声，韵二项对立是主要的负担量承载方式；（3）声母承载的负担量占总负担量的1／3左右，韵母承载的负担量高于声母，声调承载的负担量占总负担量的1／4左右；（4）从音位的平均负担量来看，声调音位数量少，平均负担量最高，声母次之，韵母最小，比例关系为：1．7：1：6．5；（5）不同音位的组合负担量差异较大，组合负担量越大，组合就越稳定。本文的研究结果展示了北京话音位的功能负担格局，也为北京话语音结构、分布及语言演化的研究提供了量化的基础数据。

英文摘要：

Based on 3000 morphemes of Beijing dialect collected in The Characters of Chinese Dialects, the present calculates initials, finals and tones to examine the distribution of phonemic loads of different contrasts and figures out the phonemic load of initials, finals, tones and phonemic combinations. The findings are as follows： 1. Phonemic load is in proportion to frequency; 2. the main carriers of phonemic load are the contrasts of initials, finals and tones, as well as the contrasts of initials and finals; 3. the phonemic load of initials accounts for about 1/3 of the total load, with the phonemic load of finals being higher than that of initials, and phonemic load of tones accounts for around 1/4 of the total; 4. on average, if a language has the fewest tonic phonemes, the tones carry the highest phonemic loads, with initials carrying the second most loads and finals carrying the lowest loads. The ratio between them goes as 1.7：1：6.5.5. Different phonemic combinations can show significantly different phonemic loads. The higher the loads that a combination carries, the more stable this combination remains. This article shows the patterns of functional loads of phonemes in the Bei- jing dialect and provides fundamental data for studies of phonological structures, the distribution of phonemes and language evolution.