中文摘要：

信息分享的全球化已经成为一个必然趋势，语言的通用性需求已经不可回避。这一趋势是任何社团行为和政府行为都不可阻挡的。随之而来的趋势是语言流失。中国也不例外。但是，语言的流失跟通用语言和普通话的推广没有直接关系，而跟语言接触中某个语言的语势有直接关系，尤其是汉语方言的语势。语势是语言自然传承势力，量化标准为母语人口和词汇量。语言接触者双方在场是语势形成的必要条件。语位是借助行政力量而确立的语言政治地位。即使没有行政力量的介入，中国也普遍存在以汉语为强势语言的不等势接触，语言对话方式呈现塔式层阶结构，少数民族语言流失显著。语言流失不仅包括语言消失，也包括语言类型特征和语言类型机制的丢失。语言传承和记录势在必行。对自然接触和非自然接触不加区分，因此对汉语强大语势估计不足，是多年来语育传承未能取得显著效果的重要原因。汉语的强大语势使少数民族家庭外围的语言环境逐渐成为汉语环境或汉语方言环境，家庭学习模式是母语传承的最后堡垒。要使少数民族语言得到有效传承，必须为语言传承立法。

英文摘要：

The globalization of information sharing has become an irresistible tendency, so lingua franca like Putonghua is needed. No community act or governmental act can stop this trend. Subsequently, language loss begins to occur along with this tendency. However, language loss is not directly caused by the popularization of Putonghua, but by the potential of a language it contacts, and especially by the potential of Chinese dialects. Language potential, which is different from language status in the sense of the political position of a language, is a natural power that can keep language alive in language contact. Even if there is no government to interfere with, Chinese has even stronger language potential over other ethnic languages in China. It has been spreading at the highest level on language communicating states with a lot of language loss. Language loss includes not only language extinction, but also the loss of language typology of features and mechanisms. Language inheritance and language recording are inevitable. As natural language contact is not separated from non-natural language contact, and the strong language potential of Chinese is under-estimated, the work of language inheritance has not been done well for many years as we had expected. The strong language potential of Chinese has been causing the language environment around ethnic families to change into the language environment of Chinese or Chinese dialects. The native language learning in families is becoming the last stronghold of native language inheritance. To keep the lasl stronghold and inherit ethnic languages, legislation is needed for language.