中文摘要：

背景：基于溃疡性结肠炎发病因素的研究发现，其发生、发展是一个相当复杂的过程，涉及易感性基因响应肠道微生物内环境及其他外环境因素的变化，既可引发对机体固有免疫、特异免疫的保护和耐受，又可引起慢性炎症。目的：分析近10年溃疡性结肠炎与表观遗传修饰的相关研究进展，探讨表观遗传修饰在溃疡性结肠炎疾病中的发生、发展相关性。方法：以下列检索词：溃疡性结肠炎，表观遗传，DNA 甲基化，组蛋白修饰，miRNA，ulcerative colitis， epigenetic，DNA methylation，Histone modification，miRNA，检索2000年1月至2015年1月PubMed 数据库及万方医学网相关文献，根据纳入排除标准，对纳入的28条文献进行归纳分析。结果与结论：溃疡性结肠炎的发病主要是易感基因与内、外环境因素相关，受表观遗传修饰的影响。表观遗传修饰主要包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、miRNA所介导的沉默。基于溃疡性结肠炎的发病因素研究表明表观遗传修饰影响基因和环境因素之间相互作用，可作用在机体先天免疫及特异性免疫，在溃疡性结肠炎的发生、发展中具有非常重要的作用。

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND：Ulcerative colitis is found to have a complicated occurrence and development process, which is involved in the response of susceptibility genes to the variation of intestinal microbial internal environmental and other external environmental factors that is able to both induce the body’s innate immune and specific immune protection and tolerance, and lead to chronic inflammation. OBJECTIVE：To analyze the progress in the studies about ulcerative colitis and epigenetic modifications in recent 10 years and then to discuss the correlation of susceptibility genes of ulcerative colitis, epigenetic modifications and changes to the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis.METHODS：PubMed and Wanfang databases were searched for relevant articles published between January 2000 and January 2015 using the keywords of“ulcerative colitis, epigenetic, DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNA”. According to the exclusion criteria, 28 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：The occurrence of ulcerative colitis is primarily associated with susceptibility genes, internal and external environmental factors which are affected by epigenetic modification. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications, genes silencing mediated by miRNA. Studies about pathogenic factors of ulcerative colitis show that epigenetic modifications and environmental factors may act in the body’s innate immunity and specific immunity, and epigenetic modification plays a very important role in the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis.