中文摘要：

商代武丁时期有个名方的方国，陈梦家有相关论述。尽管岛邦男、钟柏生、孙亚冰和林欢等学者并不认为方是具体的国名，但有一条直接的证据表明方可作专名，即《合集》20412：“方方其显（围）”。前一方字显是专名，单称方则是省称，如龙方又省称龙，舌方又省称舌。林小安、冯时、范毓周、王宇信、罗琨等先生对方方有进一步讨论，但限于时代较早，材料零散，从现有的研究来看，对方方问题仍有进一步系统整理和深入研究的必要。本文将从整理有关方方的辞例人手，考察商与方方的战争情况，考证方方的地望。

英文摘要：

In the oracle bone inscriptions found from Yinxu, the names of ＂fang （chiefdom or local statelet）＂s and the wars and conflicts between them and the Shang Dynasty are frequently seen. Only in the oracle bone inscriptions of the reign of King Wu Ding 武西, almost 80 fangs and regions having been involved into the wars and conflicts against the Shang Dynasty are seen. Among these records, the wars and conflicts between Shang and the ＂Fang＂ Fang are very noticeable; a preliminary statistics showed that the oracle bone inscriptions with rel- evant contents are as many as over 230 pieces after the rejoining. During the early phase of the reign of King Wu Ding, records about this kind of affairs have appeared in the oracle bone inscriptions of the ＂plump stroke＂ type of the ＂Shi 自 Group＂; down to the mid and late phases of the reign of King Wu Ding, in the oracle bone inscriptions of the ＂Bin ~ Group＂, the contents related to the military conflicts between Shang and Fang Fang largely increased; to the reigns of the Kings Lin Xin 稟辛, Kang Ding 康丁 through Wu Yi武乙., in the oracle bone inscriptions of the ＂He 何 Group＂ and the ＂Anonymous Diviner Group＂, even that of the ＂Huang 黄 Group＂ during the reigns of the Kings Di Yi 帝乙Z, and Di Xin 帝辛, the records about the conflicts between the Shang Dynasty and Fang Fang are still occasionally seen. On this issue, the previous scholars, such as Chen Mengjia, Lin Xiao＇an, Feng Shi, Fan Yuzhou, Wang Yuxin and Luo Kun, have published opinions~ however, because those studies were done in a relatively early time, and the data were insufficient and fragmentary, their studies were not specific and systematic enough, and therefore further discussions are needed. Based on the research results of the previous scholars, this paper collected the oracle bone inscriptions relevant to the relationship between the Shang Dynasty and Fang Fang as exhaustively as possible, and fully referred to the newest results of rejoining and researc