氮素(N)是植物需求量最大的营养元素,其利用率是影响植物生长和发育的主要因素。氮素的供需失衡会导致植物产量降低,过量施N肥还会造成环境破坏。NH4+和NO3-是可吸收利用的主要氮源。笔者分析了植物吸收NH4+、NO3-的转运蛋白及其相关基因的表达调控和功能的研究进展,认为在以后的研究中,应加强林木中与氮吸收相关基因的鉴定和认识,特别是加强氮素信号传导途径、NO3-及NH4+在植物体内的运输和调控机制、各蛋白组分间的相互作用、时间和空间表达模式和调控模式的研究。
Nitrogen (N) is the largest demanded nutrient and its availability act as a major factor that limits the growth and development of plants. Imbalance nitrogen supply will lead lower production and excessive fertilization will cause en- vironmentaJ damage. Ammonium and nitrate is the main source of nitrogen absorption and utilization. This paper ana- lyzed the research progress of the transport proteins that absorb NH4 and NO3-, and the related genes expression, regu- lation and function in plants. We should strengthen the identification and understanding of the related genes of nitrogen uptake in trees, especially the pathway of nitrogen signal transduction, the mechanism of nitrate and ammonium trans- portation and regulation in plants, the interaction between proteins and components, the research about temporal and spatial expression patterns and regulation modes.