中文摘要：

皮尔斯的符号“三分说”理论基础是其哲学的“三个基本范畴”：第一性存在、第二性存在和第三性存在。与此相对应，皮尔斯提出了三个符号“三分法”。根据符号与其所指对象的关系，他将符号分为拟象符号、指示符号和表征符号。它们相互依存，但其中某一项起支配作用，从而显示出符号主体特征。汉字“六书”可以在皮氏符号理论框架内得到合理解释：象形字具有最强的拟象性，属于第一性存在的拟象符号；指事字和会意字通过符号与符号或标记的组合来指示某种关系，表达意义，属于第二性存在的指示符号；形声字、转注字和假借字具有最强的抽象性和社会规约性，为第三性存在的表征符号。后三者构成汉字的绝对主体，从而决定了汉字表征符号的本质。

英文摘要：

Peircean semiotics is based on his three philosophical categories： Firstness, Secondness and Thirdness. The corresponding icon-index-symbol distinction emerges in the Peircean theory of signs which are interdependent with predominance of one over the others. Natural language is symbols in nature. In the light of the Peircean trichotomy of signs, Liushu of Chinese characters can be divided into three categories： Xiangxing （pictographs） with the salient property of likeness of the objects belonging to the icon of Firstness; Zhisbi and Huiyi （self-explanatory characters and associative compounds）, index of Secondness whose meaning is known via the constitution of signs or marks; Xingsheng, Zhuanzhu and Jiajie （Determinative-phonetics, mutually interpretative symbols and phonetic loan ones）, symbols of Thirdness with strong abstraction and social stipulation. The three of the latter make up the main body of Chinese characters, which determines its nature of symbols.