中文摘要：

用以解释创新与独占性之间关系的PFI理论框架,为独占性问题提供了系统而全新的视角。受PFI框架启发,并借助于国家区域创新调查提供的企业层面数据,近几十年来西方学者对创新独占性问题作了大量经验研究,所考察创新独占性工具的范围也由知识产权（尤其是专利）拓展到领先时间、学习曲线、人力资源管理等。通过从企业独占性工具的使用及其作用,影响企业选择独占性工具的因素,以及各种独占性工具之间的关系3个方面对国外学者的相关研究进行梳理,总结出可能对中国创新研究有所借鉴的启示。

英文摘要：

PFI （Profiting from Innovation） theoretical framework for analyzing the relation between innovation and appropriability provides a systematic and new perspective for analyzing the appropriability. In the light of PFI framework and with the availability of firm-level data acquired through national and regional innovation surveys,foreign scholars have been carrying out a substantial amount of research in the appropriability in the past 30 years. The appropriability tools investigated have been extended from intellectual property,especially the patent,to lead time,learning curve and human resource management etc. In this paper,we review the empirical literature under three headings,namely：i） the ranking of effectiveness of the different appropriability methods as perceived by firms; ii） the determinants of firms＇ perceptions about the effectiveness of each appropriability tool; iii） the interaction between different appropriability tools. The paper aims at providing some suggestions for China＇s innovation research.