Being one of the most important elements of urban public space, streets have contained rich social lives as well as the social and political connotations in Chinese cities with specific local characteristics, while most of them have been long neglected in the researches focusing on grand narratives and center-based perspectives. The paper retrospectively analyzes the evolution process of urban streets in China, dividing it into four critical periods. With the perspective of socio-spatial analysis, the unique formation mechanisms of Chinese urban streets are summarized in different contexts including power system, social domain, and living space, thus to provide references for the exploration of street development mode and revitalization mechanism facing the multiple challenges of globalization, modernity, as well as local social and cultural traditions.