中文摘要：

随着人民生活水平的日益提高,人们对周围环境的要求也越来越高,而目前由于藻类大量生长引发的水华现象越来越频繁,危害也越趋严重,甚至连一些景观城市河道水体也频有发生,给周围的人民群众的日常生活和身心健康带来了较大的困扰。水华究竟是怎么发生的,哪些因素对它影响比较大,又是如何影响的,是文章所要讲诉的内容。文章分别从物理因素（温度、光照、pH、水文）、化学因素（营养盐）和其它因素（微量元素、生物因素）3个方面系统的对水华的影响因素进行了总结,详细的阐述了每种因素的作用机理以及部分适合藻类生长的最佳条件,同时对一些未来要重点进一步研究的方向进行了探讨与展望。

英文摘要：

With the increasing living standards, People have a increasing demands on the surrounding environment. Nowadays, the phenomenon of massive growth of algae blooms are becoming more and more frequently, and also becoming more serious harm, even some landscape urban river water bodies are also frequently occur, bring larger problems to People＇s daily lives and well-being. How it exactly happened, what factors affect it largely and how do it affect, the paper will explain it to you. The paper from the physical factors （temperature, light, pH, hydrology）, chemical factors （nutrients） and other factors （trace elements, biological factors） of three possible factors that lead to algae blooms were reviewed, detailed the action principle of various factors on the growth of algae, at the same time parts of the optimum growth conditions for algae were summarized, and some of the research directions in the future should focus on were discussed and prospects.