中文摘要：

皮肤瘙痒的神经生理学机制一直未被阐明，传递瘙痒特定神经纤维亚单位的发现极大增加对瘙痒发病机制的认识，临床上抗组胺药物最常被用来治疗皮肤瘙痒，但对于改善患者慢性皮肤瘙痒的症状疗效不高，多种内源性物质包括生长因子、神经肽、类花生酸类物质和细胞因子可以引起皮肤瘙痒。蛋白酶活化受体-2和辣椒素受体成为药物治疗的新靶点。

英文摘要：

The neurophysiological basis for pruritus has remained unclear tor decades. The discovery of itch-mediating nerve fibers considerably has expanded knowledge on the pathogenesis of pruritus. Antihistamines are used in the treatment of pruritus most commonly, but their efficacy in chronic pruritus is unsatisfactory. Many endogenous chemicals are growth factors, neuropeptides, eicosanoids and locally pruritogenic when injected into the skin, including cytokines. Proteinase activated receptor-2 （PAR-2） and transient receptor potential vanilloid （TRPV-1） have turned into new targets of medication for pruritus