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中文摘要：
分子生物计算是指以生物大分子作为数据来进行信息处理的计算模式.目前的分子生物计算主要包含DNA计算、RNA计算和蛋白质计算这三种计算模型.另外,还有一些学者提出采用PNA分子进行计算.但由于PNA计算、RNA计算和蛋白质计算目前还没有一些实质性的突破,故在此不做讨论.研究掌握作为数据的DNA分子特性与结构,显然是DNA计算中的一个基本问题.因而文中主要对各种DNA分子的结构与特征进行讨论.针对问题的不同,模型的不同,采用的DNA分子类型也不同,目前主要用到的是单链的、双链的和具有粘性末端的DNA分子.其次用到的是发夹构型的DNA分子、质粒DNA分子等.文中特别讨论了作为数据的DNA分子与相应的生物计算模型有机相结合的一些基本的问题.
英文摘要：
Biomolecular computing, including DNA computing, RNA computing and protein computing, is a kind of computing mode of information processing whose ＂data＂ is biomolecule. In addition, the biomolecular computing mode using PNA molecule as ＂data＂ was presented. This paper does not discuss PNA computing, RNA computing and protein computing because their research results are less. Clearly, it is a foundation problem to know well the structure and character of the ＂data＂ （that is DNA molecules） in DNA computing. So, this paper mainly discusses the structure and characters of several type of DNA molecule. We usually adopt different DNA molecule for different problem or models. Now, the main kinds of DNA molecules used in DNA computing are single, double and sticker terminal DNA molecules. Secondly,the DNA molecules used in DNA computing have also hairpin DNA molecules and plasmid DNA molecule. Especially, the relationship between the ＂data＂ （DNA molecule） and corresponding biomolecular model is disscuss.
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