中文摘要：

同行评议一直是科研机构评价中的主导方法，对科研机构的战略发展与绩效管理起着至关重要的作用。本文基于中国科学院（CAS）、德国马普学会（M＆P）、美国能源部（DOE）实验室、美国标准与技术研究院（NIST）等世界上主要科研机构评价中同行评议的实践与方法，剖析科研机构评价中运用同行评议方法的关键要素，包括评议的对象与内容，专家来源与类型，专家遴选标准与机制，同行评议的组织方式以及评议结果的使用等，分析其差异与特点，提炼出不同的模式，并在此基础上针对科研机构未来的同行评议方法提出建议。

英文摘要：

Peer review has been the dominant method in scientific research institutes evaluations, which plays a vital role in the strate- gy development and performance management of scientific research institutes. Based on the practice of scientific research institutes e- valuation in Chinese Academy of Sciences（CAS）, Max Pianek Society （M＆P）, the laboratory of U. S. Department of Energy （DOE） and the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） , this paper analyzes the differences and characteristics from com- parisons of several elements, including the evaluation object and content, experts sources and types, experts selection criteria and mechanisms, peer review organization and use of evaluation results. Lastly; this paper put forward some suggestions about peer review assessment approach in the future.