中文摘要：

本研究以中国大陆科研人员为研究对象,选取免疫学和管理科学与工程两个学科领域为案例,采集科研人员的CV（Curriculum Vitae）数据,通过生存分析（Survival Analyses）方法研究不同因素,特别是博士后经历对不同类型学科领域科研人员职业生涯发展的作用与影响。Kaplan-Meier分析表明,对免疫学科而言,有过博士后经历的在进入副教授阶段的生存风险较高,即存活时间较短能较快晋升到副教授阶段,但在进入教授阶段则是相反,生存风险较低即存活时间较长从而延缓其晋升到教授阶段。对管理科学和工程学科而言,有过博士后经历的在进入副教授和教授阶段都是生存风险较低从而延缓其职业生涯的发展。COX比例风险回归分析表明,对免疫学科而言,性别、单位性质、博士毕业国别对其成长有显著影响,对管理科学与工程而言,单位性质以及流动频次对其成长有显著影响。最后本文对研究结果的原因进行了分析和讨论,并提出了下一步研究的设想。

英文摘要：

In this work,we have selected Chinese scientists in the immunology and management science and engineering disciplines for a CV based on a quantitative study through the survival analyses method. We are particularly interested in the postdoctoral experiences＇ influences in scientists＇ career development in different disciplines. The Kaplan- Meier analyses results indicated that researchers with postdoctoral experience would be more quickly promoted as an associate professor in the immunology discipline,whereas the opposite results are discovered in the management science and engineering discipline. In addition,COX proportional hazard analyses indicated that factors such as scientists＇ gender,institution and country of doctor degree are significantly correlated to his / her career development in the immunology discipline. Different significant factors such as the reputation of institution and talents＇ mobility are found in the management science and engineer discipline. Based on these research findings,we proposed the possible reasons for such phenomena and plans for future research.