中文摘要：

铜渣是有色金属火法炼铜过程中产出的固体废弃物。通过化学分析、XRD衍射、SEM-EDS和热重等分析铜渣的特性。铜渣主要成分是赤铁矿（α-Fe2O3）、铁橄榄石（Fe2SiO4）、磁铁矿（Fe3O4）和非晶态硅石,并含有铜及少量镍、钴等有价组分。铁橄榄石和磁铁矿约占总渣量的90％。冷却方式影响渣中铁橄榄石的形成,空冷渣中铁橄榄石的比例明显高于水淬铜渣中的铁橄榄石含量。磁铁矿以多边状、树枝状、放射状结构存在于硅酸盐基体中; 铁橄榄石呈柱状、板状、树突状颗粒存在于炉渣基体中; 铜矿物或被硅铁氧化物所包裹,或与铜铁矿物共同形成斑状结构及多矿物共生嵌于铁橄榄石基体中。铜渣中铁橄榄石组分首先在491-1 173 ℃之间氧化转变为赤铁矿和非晶态硅石,其次是磁铁矿发生Fe3O4→γ-Fe2O3→α-Fe2O3的晶型转变过程。加热可以使铁橄榄石、铜和铁的硫化物及磷化物发生氧化反应。

英文摘要：

Copper slag is a type of solid waste that generated during pyrometallurgical production of copper. In this study, the quality of copper slag was characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, SEM-EDS and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that copper slag has a amorphous structure and contained large amounts of magnetism ferric oxide（Fe2O3）, fayalite（Fe2SiO4）, magnetite（Fe3O4）and some trace elements like Cu, Ni and Co. The major constituents were magnetism ferric oxide and fayalite which comprised more than 90% of the mass. The fayalite content was varied under different cooling techniques. The compositional ratio of fayalite in the air-cooled slag was greater than water-cooled slag. Ferroferric oxide presented as arborized and radicalized shapes in the silicate body. Meanwhile, the shapes of fayalite were observed as column, wattle and dendritic granule in copper slag. Copper mineral was wrapped in silicon-ferric oxide or formed copper-iron ore in the fayalite. For the mechanisms of mineral formation, the fayalite transforms to hematite and amorphous silica within the range of 491-1 173 ℃ while the magnetite transforms to maghemite and hematite（Fe3O4→γFe2O3→αFe2O3）. Fayalite, sulphides of copper and iron as well as phosphides would be oxygenated during the heating process.