中文摘要：

基于12所＂985＂高校2009到2013年招生名额的实证分析发现：在＂扩招＂大背景下,重点高校的招生规模稳中有升,但平均入学机会指数逐年降低,考生进入高校所需的能力则逐年攀升;不同地域重点高校入学机会指数差异明显,重点高校招生名额分配的基尼系数均高于0.4水平,但各大高校在招生名额的地域分配上具有一定互补性;当前高校考生能力指数与入学机会指数不相一致,且不同地域间差异巨大。为实现公平和均衡,应进一步提高人口大省和经济落后地区的重点高校招生名额,在明确和限制重点高校属地招生名额的同时,给予高校基于生源质量、学科特色等因素的调整自主权。

英文摘要：

Based on the analysis of enrollment quota allocation data of 12 ＂985 universities＂from 2009 to2013,this paper draws the following conclusions：despite higher education expansion,the average enrollment opportunities for entering the 12 universities continuously decreased and the entrance requirements for ＂985 universities＂increased year by year;differences in the enrollment index among different provinces became more significant and the Gini coefficients of almost all the 12 universities were higher than 0.4;the capability index and the enrollment opportunity index were not in accordance with each other and varied among the provinces.In order to improve equity and fairness,the population density and economy should be taken into consideration in the enrollment quota allocation and the enrollment quota for local provinces needs to be somewhat limited.