中文摘要：

本文从微观态度和认知的角度研究西部水源地农村居民的不同类型及其生态补偿的接受意愿。论文首先分析了西安周至县水源地生态补偿的现状,再依据西安交通大学农户生计与环境课题组2008年4月在西安周至县王家河乡的入户调查数据,分析了当地农村居民对退耕还林和建立自然保护区后的收入变化认知,以及对林业政策和参与森林资源管理的态度等,并将农民对林业政策的态度、收入变化认知与生态补偿接受意愿等情况进行了综合分析,发现当地存在着对林业政策持有不同态度、退耕还林和建立保护区后家庭收入变化、非农收入比例、生态补偿的接受意愿等方面有着显著差异的五种类型农村居民,并建议相关政府部门应关注不同类型农民的生态补偿接受意愿差异性等。

英文摘要：

Payment for ecosystem services has received much attention in recent years, but most of current research in China primarily focuses on macro policy analyses and design. There seems little research on attitudes or perceptions of ecosystem service suppliers such as rural households, the relationship between the payment for ecosystem services and the rural households’ losses. The paper examines rural residents’ willingness to accept eco-compensation （WTA） living in the headwater areas in western China on the basis of attitudes and perceptions of stakeholders. The authors first analyzed the status quo on the eco-compensation in Zhouzhi County in Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province. Two hundreds and eleven valid questionnaires from a rural household survey undertaken by the research group of Xian Jiaotong University in 4 administrative villages in Wangjiahe Township, Zhouzhi County, in April 2008, were received. The local rural residents’ attitudes towards local forestry policies, the willingness to accept eco-compensation, their perceptions towards changes in households’ incomes after implementation of the Slopping Land Conversion Program and establishment of the local nature reserves were investigated. A comprehensive analysis as to residents’ attitudes towards such items was made by the factor analysis and cluster analysis. Results showed that in general, there are five types of local rural residents showing significant differences in attitudes towards the forestry policies, perceptions of income change, willingness to accept the eco-compensation, and proportion of non-farming income in total household income. For example, most of the first-type local residents are engaged in agriculture and forestry, but they also have high non-farming income proportions, in the hope of developing forestry in the future and have relatively larger WTA. As for the fifth-type residents, they are the most unsatisfied with the local forestry policies, without an intention to develop forestry. Their household incomes primarily