中文摘要：

肌细胞特异性microRNAs（muscle-specific microRNAs,myomiRs）是一类特异性表达在肌组织中的内源性非编码小分子RNA,通过转录后水平负调控相关基因的表达,广泛参与到一系列生物学过程中,影响疾病的发生发展。肌细胞相关疾病（如慢性阻塞性肺炎、肥厚型心肌病等）的发生、发展可引起myomiRs及其下游靶基因表达改变,从而进一步影响疾病的发展、预后及转归。本文将综述miR-1、miR-133、miR-206、miR-208和miR-499等常见myomiRs在横纹肌和非横纹肌收缩舒张机制中的作用,重点关注myomiRs对肌细胞收缩舒张生物学效应的影响,以期为肌细胞相关疾病治疗提供新思路。

英文摘要：

Muscle-specific microRNAs （myomiRs） are a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that expressed specifically in the muscle tissue. By negatively regulating related gene expression at post- translational level,they participate in a variety of biological processes and affects the occurrence and development of diseases. The occurrence and development of muscle-related diseases, such as chronic obstructive pneumonia disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and so on,induce the expression changes of myomiRs and downstream target genes. The effects of myomiRs on the muscle contraction will affect the development of the disease. This paper will review the biological effects of common myomiRs, such as miR-1, miR-133, miR-206, miR-208 and miR-499 in muscle contraction and relaxation, including striated and non-striated muscle. Better understanding of the effects of myomiRs on the biological effects of muscle contraction and relaxation will provide a new idea for the treatment of muscle-related diseases.