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中文摘要：
黏土为天然微纳米材料,但团聚体存在形式限制了其微纳米特性在其应用领域有效发挥。以扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和粒度分布检测为主要表征手段,考察了基于蒸汽爆破处理的凹凸棒石黏土微纳米化及晶束解离的可行性。实验发现：挤压预处理可以显著增强黏土的溶剂化作用程度,提升微纳米化效率;适度的重复爆破处理在保证凹凸棒石高长径比形貌特征基础上晶束解离充分;蒸汽爆破所得样品为高度蓬松粉体,棒晶纤维的长径比保持良好,晶束直径普遍小于200 nm（约为2～5根凹凸棒石棒晶组成）。理论分析及实验结果均表明：本工艺下的爆破处理是解离作用而不是常规粉碎下的脆性断裂;深入凹凸棒石黏土颗粒内部各级孔隙结构且能瞬间气化释放的分散介质是解离凹凸棒石黏土的有效介质。
英文摘要：
The dispersion and crystal-bundles dissociation of palygorskite clay based on steam explosion were investigated. The dispersion of palygorskite clay was analyzed by scanning electron microscope and particle size measurement. The results show that the pretreatment of extrusion improves the salvation, and the repeated steam explosion results in the fluffy powder. A high aspect ratio of palygorskite fiber can be obtained, and the diameter of crystal bundle is 〈 200 nm （i.e., 2-5 root rods of crystal）. The disaggregation of palygorskite in the blasting process is due to the liberation rather than the brittle crack based on the conventional smashing measurement. It is effective for the dispersion medium used to penetrate into the pore structure ofpalygorskite and instantly gasify.
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