中文摘要：

系统梳理人口结构变化与城市竞争力关系的理论观点，辨证分析两者互动关系的内在规律具有重要的价值和意义。一方面，城市竞争力对人口结构的影响经历了从城市经济活动的物质决定论到非经济因素的引入；另一方面，人口发展对于城市经济活动的能动作用越发凸显，可以分为正向和负向影响，而人力资本一直被视为提升城市竞争力的核心要素。人口结构中的人口年龄结构、人口红利、人口文化结构、人口产业结构和人口迁移等五个方面与城市竞争力提升的关系紧密，现阶段的研究也主要集中在这几方面。

英文摘要：

With a study of the theoretical viewpoints on the interactive relationship between the change of demographic structure and urban competitiveness, we construct dialectical analysis of the interactive roles of the two issues. On the one hand, the impact of urban competitiveness on demographic structure has experienced from the material determinism of economic activities to the introduction of non-economic factors;On the other hand, the ac- tive role of population development on the urban economic activities is increasingly highlighted with positive and negative effects, and the human capital has been regarded as the core factor of urban competitiveness. Urban com- petitiveness is closely related to such aspects of demographic structure as age structure, demographic dividend, cul- tural structure, industrial structure and migration, which are the focus of current research as well.