中文摘要：

本试验通过对中国荷斯坦牛反刍时间与活动量监测,旨在研究其反刍与活动变化规律及其影响因素。对北京三元绿荷金银岛牧场200余头不同胎次泌乳牛进行了长达7个多月的连续监测,试验时间划分为夏、秋、冬3个季节,对应于奶牛的热应激期、舒适期、冷应激期。采用SAS（v 9.2）的GLM过程分析季节、胎次、泌乳天数以及父亲效应对反刍时间与活动量的影响。协方差分析结果表明：父亲、季节、泌乳天数3个因素对日反刍时间均值均有极显著效应（P〈0.000 1）;父亲、胎次、季节、泌乳天数4个因素对日活动量均值均有极显著效应（P〈0.000 1）。在炎热夏季（温湿度指数（THI）持续高于72）,奶牛易处于热应激状态,活动量显著升高,反刍量明显降低。与冬季相比,夏季活动量高出19.26%,与此相反,冬季反刍时间增加10.36%,均达到极显著差异。胎次效应对反刍时间的影响并不显著,但对活动量的影响显著（P〈0.000 1）,一胎个体较二胎活动量增加了9.12%。在整个试验期,牛群的平均日反刍时间为532.5min·d-（-1）,日活动量为525.1au·d-（-1）。原始记录数据为每2h一次,包括反刍时间与活动量,24h连续记录。中国荷斯坦牛夏季受热应激影响,活动量增加,反刍时间降低,而在冬季寒冷温度下,其活动量下降,反刍时间延长。胎次、泌乳天数对反刍时间和活动量也有一定的影响。不同父亲的遗传因素对奶牛活动量和反刍时间的影响具有极显著的差异,通过进一步对环境因素和遗传因素的分析,人们将可以通过育种手段,提高牛群抵抗冷热应激的能力。本研究着重于健康泌乳牛群的数据分析,为进一步探究中国荷斯坦牛群反刍与活动量规律提供理论基础。

英文摘要：

The research was conducted to monitor the daily changes of rumination patterns and physical activity of Chinese Holsteins,with the objective to reveal rules of their variation as well as their influencing factors. During the trial we monitored more than 200 cows for a period of 7 months in Sunlon＇s Jinyindao dairy farm. The total duration of the project was divided into 3 peri- ods, summer, autumn and winter, corresponding to heat stress, thermo-neutral and cold stress pe- riod for dairy cows. The General Linear Model （GLM） of SAS software （v 9 ,2） ,lyze the influences of season,parity,days in milk （DIM） and sire effects on rumination time and daily activity. The results of covariance analysis indicated that season, sire, DIM had significant effects on daily rumination time （P〈0. 000 1） and all of the 4 factors had significant effects on daily activity （P%0. 000 1）. Holstein cows were easily to be influenced by heat stress in summer （THI）72） and resulting in a higher daily activity and lower rumination time compared to those in winter. Average of daily activity increased 19.26% in summer compared to that in winter, on the contrary,rumination time increased 10.36% in winter compared to that in summer. Parity had no significant effect on rumination time, however parity had significant effect on daily activity （P〈0. 000 1）,e. g. daily activity of primiparous cows were 9. 12% higher than cows in second parity. The average of daily rumination time and dairy activity were 532.5 min · d 1 and 525.1 au ·d-1 in whole herd during the whole trial. Raw data of rumination time and activity was recor- ded every 2 hours from 00：00 to 24：00 every day. Cow＇s daily activity became higher and rumina- tion time was lower in summer in Beijing,and showed the opposite changing pattern in winter. Parity and DIM are important factors affecting daily rumination time and dairy activity. Genetic factor was represented by sire, the highly significant effect of sire on daily rumination time and dair