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中文摘要：
本研究以1986年中国自主培育兼用牛新品种——三河牛,在内蒙古海拉尔谢尔塔拉种牛场核心群5 257头1998—2012年20 949条繁殖记录为研究材料,以青年牛首次妊娠日龄、青年牛首次产犊日龄、成母牛妊娠期、成母牛空怀期、产犊间隔为研究对象,用SAS 9.13、DMU软件对数据进行处理,采用AI-REML结合EM算法并配合多性状动物模型对各性状影响因素方差组分进行估计,估算出各性状遗传力,并利用各性状育种值分析其遗传趋势。结果显示,青年牛首次妊娠日龄、青年牛首次产犊日龄、成母牛妊娠期、成母牛空怀期、产犊间隔遗传力分别为0.0552、0.0638、0.0527、0.1096、0.0844,繁殖性状除成母牛空怀期遗传力为0.1096外,其余均小于0.1,属于低遗传力性状。青年牛首次妊娠日龄、青年牛首次产犊日龄、成母牛妊娠期、成母牛空怀期、产犊间隔育种值遗传趋势总体上无明显下降趋势,三河牛繁殖性能保持良好。该试验结果为三河牛优化育种方案、提高选种准确性提供重要理论依据。
英文摘要：
This study was conducted on 20 949 reproductive records from 1998 to 2012 of 5 257 Sanhe cattle in Xiertala cattle farm,Inner Mongolia,which was a synthetic breed formed in China in 1986. Age at first pregnancy in heifer （AFPH） ,age at first calving in heifer （AFCH） ,gestation length in cow （GLC）,days open in cow （DOC）,and calving interval in cow （CIC） were consid- ered for genetic evaluation. SAS 9.13 and DMU software were used for data processing, and AI- REML combined EM algorithm based on multiple traits animal model was employed for estima- ting variance components. The heritability for each trait were then calculated,and breeding value was used to analyze the genetic trends. The results showed that the estimated heritabilities of age at first pregnancy in heifer, age at first calving in heifer, gestation length in cow, days open in cow, calving interval in cow were 0. 0552,0. 0638,0. 0527,0. 1096 and 0. 0844, respectively. The heritabilities were all less than 0.1 except days open （0. 1096） ,indicating these were low inherita- ble traits. In general,trends of EBVs for each trait didn＇t show any defined progresses and indica-ring good reproductive performance maintained in Sanhe cattle. These results lay a theoretical foun- dation for optimizing breeding programs and improving the accuracy of selection in Sanhe cattle.
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