中文摘要：

元音交替是清代满语的一种构词方法，即通过把一个词语的全部或部分元音替换为其他元音，派生新词的方法。根据发音部位和发音方法，可将元音交替构词分为不同类型，而语音对称、语义相关是元音交替构词的显著特点。除满语外，在阿尔泰语系其他语言中，以元音交替派生的词语也比较常见。

英文摘要：

Vowel alternation is a device of word formation in Classical Manchu language, that is, a new word is formed by replacing all or part of the vowels of an existing word with other vowels. Vowel alternation can be classified into different types according to the types of vowels involved. The words formed via vowel alternation are parallel in sound structure and related in meaning to their counterparts. Besides the Manchu language, vowel alternation is also widely used in other Altaic languages to form new words.