中文摘要：

心输出量是心血管疾病诊断和治疗的重要指标。文中首先介绍当前主要的几种心输出量测量技术,包括有创的热稀释法和直接Fick法,以多普勒超声法为代表的微创方法,以及无创方法,如磁共振成像法、部分CO2重呼吸法、心阻抗图法和光电容积脉搏波描记法等,同时介绍了这些方法的特点及其适用场合。针对心衰病人的24小时家庭监护和在心肺功能运动测试中的心脏功能检测等需求,阐述了移动式和穿戴式心输出量监测的方法和发展。

英文摘要：

Cardiac output（CO） is an important index for diagnosing and evaluating cardiovascular diseases.In this paper,several commonly used CO measurement methods were reviewed and compared,including thermodilution,direct Fick method,Doppler ultrasound,magnetic resonance imaging,partial CO2 rebreathing,impedance cardiography and photoplethysmography.In addition,emerging ambulatory and wearable methods of CO monitoring were introduced for their potentially new clinical applications such as 24-hour home care of heart failure patients and mortality risk assessment of congestive heart failure patients in cardiopulmonary exercise testing.