中文摘要：

为充分了解引进羊驼的遗传多样性和系统发育关系,本试验采集了新疆3个地区（阿勒泰市青河县、塔城市和天山野生动物园）39只羊驼血液样品,对其线粒体D-loop基因进行了扩增和测序,得到长度为733bp的片段序列,群体单倍型多样度（Hd）为0.954,核苷酸多样性（Pi）为0.0091,基因流（Nm）为1.97。39条序列共定义了25种单倍型,其中单倍型H7是群体共享最多的单倍型。3个地区羊驼群体之间的遗传距离很小,为0.002~0.003;羊驼与美洲驼、原驼、骆马间的遗传距离为0.002、0.004、0.017,与双峰驼的遗传距离最大,为0.050~0.051,聚类分析发现,3个地区羊驼基本聚为一大支,而且与美洲驼、骆马、原驼亲缘关系较近,双峰驼单独聚为一支。综合分析,新疆引进的羊驼遗传多样性丰富,群体间遗传分化程度较小,基因交流水平较高,羊驼与美洲驼、原驼和骆马之间亲缘关系最近,与双峰驼亲缘关系较远。

英文摘要：

In order to understand the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of the alpacas,39 blood samples of alpaca were collected in 3places of Xinjiang（Qinghe county of Aletai city,Tacheng city and Tianshan wildlife park）and mitochondrial D-loop gene was amplified and sequenced.The results showed that 733 bp fragment was obtained.The population haplotype diversity（Hd）,nucleotide diversity（Pi）and gene flow（Nm）was 0.954,0.0091 and 1.97,respectively.25 haplotypes were defined among the 39 gene sequences,and H7 was the most shared haplotype by groups.The genetic distance of three alpaca groups was small（0.002 to 0.003）.The genetic distance between alpaca and Lama glama,Lama guanicoe and Vicugna was 0.002,0.004 and 0.017,respectively.The genetic distance between alpaca and Camelus bactrianus was the highest（0.050 to 0.051）.The results of cluster analysis showed that three alpaca groups were gathered first,and then gathered with Lamaglama,Lama guanicoe and Vicugna,Camelus bactrianus belonged to another branch along.In conlusion,the genetic diversity and gene flow level of alpacas in Xinjiang was high and the genetic differentiation was relatively small.The genetic relationships between alpaca and Lama glama,Lama guanicoe and Vicugna were close,that with Camelus bactrianus was relatively far.