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考虑流固耦合效应的重力坝水力劈裂模拟

ISSN号：1000-0887
期刊名称：应用数学和力学
时间：2015
页码：970-980
分类：O242.21[理学—计算数学;理学—数学] O346.1[理学—固体力学;理学—力学]
作者机构：[1]河海大学力学与材料学院,南京210098
相关基金：国家自然科学基金（51179064;11132003;11372099）;中央高校基本科研业务费（2013832714）
相关项目：含初始缺陷混凝土坝地震灾变行为与破坏过程研究

关键词：流固耦合, 重力坝, 水力劈裂, 扩展有限元, 裂纹扩展, fluid-structure interaction, gravity dam, hydraulic fracture, XFEM, crack propa-gation

中文摘要：

裂缝的高压水力劈裂是混凝土高坝安全评估的重要部分,研究其过程中的流固耦合作用是准确预测在各种情况下裂纹扩展路径和危险程度的关键.该文利用扩展有限元法在模拟裂纹扩展方面的优势,对大坝的裂纹进行水力劈裂模拟研究.裂纹中的水压分布模型采用Brühwiler和Saouma水力劈裂试验的成果,体现了水压和裂纹宽度的耦合关系,给出了扩展有限元在裂纹面上施加水压力荷载的实施方法,对一典型重力坝裂纹的水力劈裂进行了数值模拟分析.研究结果表明：采用扩展有限元法模拟水力劈裂,克服了常规有限元法存在的缺点,裂纹扩展时不用重新划分网格,裂纹的实时宽度可以由加强节点的附加自由度得到,裂纹面上水压的施加也变得简单易行.当考虑裂纹内的流固耦合效应时,裂纹的扩展路径相比不考虑耦合效应时的扩展路径（均布全水头水压）,扩展角变大,扩展距离变短.

英文摘要：

High-pressure hydraulic fracturing （HF） is an important part of the safety assess- ment of high concrete dams. Fluid-structure interaction during the fracturing process is the key- point to accurately predict the crack growth path and the risk level. The extended finite element method （XFEM） was used in the numerical simulation of HF for concrete gravity dams. The water pressure distribution model was built based on the experimental results of hydraulic frac- turing tests carried out by Briihwiler and Saouma, which embodied the coupling relationship be- tween water pressure and crack width. The method of applying water pressure on to crack sur- faces was also given in the XFEM program and then the hydraulic fracturing of gravity dams was simulated. The results show that the XFEM is a very convenient and effective tool to simulate hydraulic crack propagation. For the XFEM, the crack in simulation propagates without re-mes- hing and the crack width is easily determined with the additional DOFs. When the fluid-struc- ture interaction is in consideration, the extension angle will be bigger and the crack growth length be shorter than those in the condition without fluid-structure interaction.

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