中文摘要：

对鄂中油菜（Brassica campestris L.）主产区的268个农户2011和2012年度油菜施肥状况进行调查,比较分析不同产量水平下油菜施肥的差异。结果表明,鄂中主产区油菜平均产量为2 350 kg/hm2,其N、P2O5、K2O肥用量分别为211、67、54 kg/hm2。低产条件下（〈2 000 kg/hm2）,N、P2O5、K2O肥用量分别为168、48、40 kg/hm2,氮、磷、钾肥投入量不够以及氮肥的基追比例不协调是其产量较低的重要限制因子。中产条件下（2 000-3 000 kg/hm2）,N、P2O5、K2O肥用量分别为201、66、55 kg/hm2,磷、钾肥施用总量以及追施氮量的不足仍然制约着产量水平的提升;高产条件下（〉3 000 kg/hm2）,N、P2O5、K2O肥用量分别为249、91、79 kg/hm2,养分投入总量和基施氮量充足,同时增加追肥次数,加强了生育中后期的营养调控。因此,调整氮肥用量,增施磷、钾肥,协调氮肥基肥追肥比例可进一步提升鄂中地区油菜产量水平。

英文摘要：

To evaluate the differences in fertilizing method in rapeseed（Brassica campestris L.）with different yields, an investigation of nutrients management on rapeseed in 2011 and 2012 was carried out in Shayang county of the central Hubei province.It covered 268 rapeseed farmers distributed from main product area, and provide basis for establishment of rational fertilization management. The survey indicated that the average rapeseed yield was 2 350 kg / hm2, and the average applications of N,P2O5,and K2 O fertilizer were 211,67 and 54 kg / hm2.In low-yield areas（2 000 kg / hm2）,the average applications of N,P2O5,and K2 O fertilizer were 168,48 and 40 kg / hm2,respectively.The inputs of N,P and K fertilizers were insufficient;the basal / topdressing ratio of N was unbalanced;these were major constrain factors of higher rapeseed yields in low-yield areas.In middle-yield areas（2 000~3 000 kg / hm2）,the average applications of N,P2O5,and K2 O fertilizer were 201,66 and 55 kg /hm2,respectively.The main problem was the P fertilizer and K fertilizer and the N applied as basic was used sufficient. In high-yield areas（3 000 kg / hm2）,the average applications of N,P2O5,and K2 O fertilizer were 249,91 and 79 kg / hm2,respectively.The total nutrient inputs and the N applied as basic were used sufficiently.The times of fertilizer application were increased. Consequently,it was important to pay attention to the use of P,K fertilizer and reasonable application of N fertilizer and the basal / topdressing ratio of N should be balanced,and then achieve high yield in rapeseed production in the central Hubei province.