中文摘要：

【目的】直播和移栽是目前长江流域冬油菜的两种主要种植方式,其发展状况对我国油菜产业发展和油料供应安全具有重要意义。直播和移栽冬油菜的栽培过程和植株密度存在显著差异,因此两者的个体形态、生长发育及产量形成有所差异,对养分的施用响应也可能不同。本研究利用大田试验研究施肥和种植方式对冬油菜生长发育和产量形成的影响,比较不同种植方式下冬油菜的生长特点及其差异。【方法】采用大田试验,研究氮磷钾肥配施（NPK）、不施氮（-N）、不施磷（-P）和不施钾（-K）处理下直播和移栽冬油菜各生育期的株高、根颈粗和叶片数。越冬期低温和干旱逆境发生时测定顶四叶的生理生化指标,包括硝酸还原酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量。角果期调查菌核病的发病率。成熟期调查产量构成因素,包括密度、分枝数、单株角果数、主序角果数、角粒数和千粒重,最后进行实产统计。【结果】直播冬油菜前期株高相比移栽冬油菜增长较快,薹期后则明显降低,根颈粗和叶片数在各生育时期均显著较低。直播冬油菜越冬期叶片生理生化水平较移栽冬油菜偏低,丙二醛含量显著较高。直播冬油菜角果期菌核病的发病率平均为21.8%,远高于移栽冬油菜的8.5%。两种种植方式冬油菜成熟期表现出显著不同的产量构成,相比移栽冬油菜,直播冬油菜的植株密度显著较高,而个体分枝数、角果数和角粒数则显著较少,而且主序角果的比例明显较高。最终,直播和移栽冬油菜在NPK处理的产量非常接近,分别为2019和2081 kg/hm2,但直播冬油菜在缺素条件下的产量较移栽冬油菜均显著偏低。相比NPK处理,任一养分缺乏均显著阻碍直播和移栽冬油菜的生长发育和产量形成,其中氮素影响最为?

英文摘要：

【Objectives】Direct-sowing（ DOR） and transplanting（ TOR） are the two dominated planting methods of winter oilseed rape（ Brassica napus L.） in the Yangtze River Basin,China. The establishment processes andplanting density are contrasting between the two types of oilseed rape,which might lead to their differences in the individual morphology,growth process,and yield formation,as well as the fertilization responses. In this study,a field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of fertilizers＇ application and establishment methods on growth and yield formation of winter oilseed rape,and to compare characters and differences of the establishment methods.【Methods】The field experiment included four treatments： balanced NPK fertilizers（ NPK）,no N（-N）,no P（-P） and no K（-K）. The plant height,rootstock diameter and leaf number of oilseed rapes at different growth stages were investigated. When low temperature and drought occurred at the over-wintering stage,physiological and biochemical properties were measured by sampling the top four leaves,including the activities of nitrate reductase（ NR）,peroxidase（ POD） and catalase（ CAT）,and the concentrations of soluble protein,soluble sugar,proline and malondialdehyde（ MDA）. The incidences of sclerotinia were investigated at the pod-development stage. The seed yield was weighed at maturity and the yield components were investigated. 【Results】Compared with tran splanting,the individual plant height of direct-sowing oilseed rape is higher at the early stages and obviously decreased after the bolting stage,and the rootstock diameter and leaf number are significantly lower throughout the growing seasons. The physiological and biochemical index levels of DOR are lower than that of TOR,while the MDA concentration is significantly higher. At the pod-development stage,the incidence of sclerotinia is 21. 8% for DOR,which is significantly higher than that of TOR（ 8. 5%）. The yield components of DOR and TOR at maturity are di