中文摘要：

安全、有效、具有靶向性的病毒载体是基因治疗药物在临床上得以应用的关键。microRNA是一类单链、内源性的转录后调控小分子,它的发现为开发具有靶向性调控能力的病毒载体提供了新的研究方法。以下在介绍microRNA调节病毒载体靶向性原理的基础上,着重介绍microRNA在清除复制能力病毒的污染、消除转基因特异性免疫、增强肿瘤靶向性基因治疗、开发活体疫苗等领域的应用。

英文摘要：

A safe and effective targeting viral vector is the key factor for successful clinical gene therapy.microRNA,a class of small,single-stranded endogenous RNAs,act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression.The discovery of these kind regulatory elements provides a new approach to regulate gene expression more accurately.In this review,we elucidated the principle of microRNA in regulation of targeting viral vector.The applications of microRNA in the fields of elimination contamination from replication competent virus,reduction of transgene-specific immunity,promotion of cancer-targeted gene therapy and development of live attenuated vaccines were also discussed.