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中文摘要：
通过对宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道多达19次的突涌水数据统计和现象分析,总结提出了＂岩溶溃水＂的概念,通过对各个施工阶段溃水特征分析表明岩溶溃水还具有延滞性特征。通过对溃水发生的时程分析,得到溶腔溃水延滞性形成的机理为溶隙、脉管及填充物由于压力差从渗流扩大呈汇流,袭夺周围脉管和溶隙的地下水,溶腔地下水潜蚀充填物封堵,最后集中释放;分析得到溃水延滞性的主要影响因素为溶腔内蓄积的水量和达到瞬间疏通的临界水压条件,以及溶腔内水流通道的淤塞条件;研究表明,对大气补给的响应,溃水延滞时间有不断缩短的规律,据此可判断隧道溃水可能性将不断减小;结合降雨量、涌水量和水位观测成果,基于降雨入渗法和统计分析法预测得到的溶腔涌水量结果,提出了抢险和泄水期间的安全作业控制指标。
英文摘要：
Based on field tests on 19 groups of data and phenomenon analysis of inrush or bursting waste from karst cavity of Maluqing tunnel of Yichang-Wanxian Railway,a conceptual model of karst water burst flood（KWBF） is proposed by means of statistical analysis and phenomenological induction.Through analyzing its characteristics during different construction stages,it is shown that KWBF has the delay characteristics.The time history analysis of the karst water burst flood shows that because of pressure dispersion between inside and outside of the cavity,seepage enlargement is evolved into conflux so as to deprive groundwater from aquifer aqueduct and fracture,and the water together with mud suddenly releases from karst into the tunnel.The key factor for the delay characteristic of KWBF is water amount and silt or filling degree of conflux aqueduct.The delay time of KWBF on supply air continuously reduces the response time,according to which the possibility of KWBF is reduced.Forecasting of KWBF is conducted by use of the rainfall seeping theory and statistical analysis method.The basic data are obtained from field quantity observation such as rainfall and hydrograph measurement.The control index of safe operation during the rescue and discharge period is proposed.
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