中文摘要：

背景：如何促进损伤的周围神经再生尤其是大段神经缺损是一个棘手的临床难题,亟待解决.目的：回顾近些年瓦勒氏变性机制及神经导管的发展.方法：检索PubMed数据库,检索词为“peripheral nerve regeneration;Wal erian degeneration;nerve guidance conduits.根据纳入排除标准,选出有关瓦勒氏变性分子机制及神经修复的文献74篇进行探讨.结果与结论：研究发现大鼠SARM1和同源物果蝇dSARM在促进瓦勒氏变性中起关键作用,推断烟酰胺腺嘌呤单核苷酸/烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸比例的改变可能对SARM1的激活起一定的作用.对于延迟瓦勒氏变性到底是好是坏,目前还存在争议.周围神经损伤后短时间内抑制瓦勒氏变性并积极促进再生达到周围神经损伤及时修复是未来努力的方向.

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND： How to promote the regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, especially after large defects, is a difficulty to be solved.OBJECTIVE： To review the mechanism of Wallerian degeneration and the development of nerve conduits.METHODS： PubMed database was searched for the literatures addressing the modular mechanism of Wallerian degeneration and nerve repair using the English keywords ＆quot;peripheral nerve regeneration, Wallerian degeneration, nerve guidance conduits＆quot;. A total of 74 eligible literatures were included based on the exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Rat SARM1 and fruit fly dSARM have been found to be highly implicated in Wallerian degeneration, indicating that the changes of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide may be related to the activated SARM1. Whether delaying Wallerian degeneration is good or bad is still in dispute. The future study should focus on the early inhibition of Wallerian degeneration and promotion of neuroregeneration following peripheral nerve injury.