中文摘要：

采用机械搅拌表面活性剂成孔方法制备了聚乙烯醇缩甲醛（PVF）多孔材料,研究了甲醛（HCHO）与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）用量对缩醛度与孔隙结构变化的影响,探讨了缩醛度和孔隙结构变化对PVF多孔材料力学性能与吸水性能产生影响的机理.研究认为,缩醛度的提高会引起PVF的亲水性、交联密度、临近分子链间隙、硬段比例、范德华力的改变,这些变化对PVF多孔材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、吸水速率以及吸水率产生影响;孔隙结构的变化导致PVF内毛细管数量、孔的比表面积、持水能力以及相对密度和应力集中改变,进而引起PVF多孔材料的力学性能与吸水性能性能发生相应改变.通过控制缩醛度与孔隙结构可获得吸水性能和力学使用性能良好的PVF多孔材料,吸水率最高可达1627%,湿态下PVF多孔材料具有良好回弹性且质地柔软.

英文摘要：

Polyvinyl formal（ PVF） porous material was fabricated by mechanical stirring after adding surfactant in this research,and the acetalation performance and pore structure of PVF influenced by changing degree of HCHO and SDS（ sodium dodecyl sulfate） were studied. Furthermore,the mechanism of mechanical properties and absorbency influenced by acetalation performance and pore structure was discussed. The study shows that,the change of acetalation of PVF influences the absorbency,the crosslinking density,the molecular chain gaps,the proportion of hard segment and the VDW（ Van der Waals’ force） of PVF. Besides,the sudy shows that the change of pore structure alters the amount of capillaries in the PVF,the specific surface area and the water holding capacity,also the relative density and stress concentration. All of these changes influened by acetaltion and pore structure result in the changing of absorbency and mechanical properties of PVF. High performance PVF porous material with good absorbency and mechanical properties can be prepared through controlling the degree of acetalation and pore structure. As a result,the PVF porous material in the hygrometric state can achieve excellent meananical properties and acetalation performance,with the best water absorption rate of 1627%. Meanwhile,the PVF porous material possesses well rebound resilience.