中文摘要：

背景：虽然自体神经移植是当前治疗大段神经缺损的金标准,但因其应用受到诸多限制,因此科学家从未放弃探索新型神经修补材料。目的：回顾近年来周围神经损伤领域产生的新观点、再生过程中的关键细胞及新型神经导管的应用。方法：由第一作者检索2001至2016年Pub Med数据库收录的与组织工程神经支架材料相关的文献,检索词为＂peripheral nerve injury,peripheral nerve regeneration,nerve scaffold＂,按纳入、排除标准最后共纳入文献76篇进行综述。结果与结论：周围神经的修复主要集中在如何让再生的神经长得＂快＂与长得＂准＂上,未来除了应继续拓展开发生物相容性更好的材料外,还应优化设计,在分子细胞和组织层面多层次模拟神经再生微环境,模拟建立取向纳米结构、化学组分、生物信号时空分布等多重仿生神经移植物。应明确的是,神经导管不应只是简单的力学支撑,还应具有一定功能,如导电、细胞因子梯度缓释等。仿生也不应只局限于形态学上,还应拓展到如细胞因子的时空变化、细胞生物电刺激等方面上来。

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND： Autologous nerve grafts are the gold standard for large segment peripheral nerve injury, but in view of its limitations, scientists are researching for novel nerve guidance conduits.OBJECTIVE： To overview the new view in peripheral nerve injury, key cells associated with axonal regeneration, and application of nerve guidance conduits. METHODS： The first author retrieved Pub Med database for relevant articles about tissue-engineered nerve scaffold published from 2001 to 2016 using the English keywords of ＂peripheral nerve injury, peripheral nerve regeneration,nerve scaffold＂. Finally, 76 articles were enrolled based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Peripheral nerve repair mainly focuses on how to make the regenerative nerve grows ＂fast＂ and ＂accurate＂. In the future, we should focus on not only developing better biocompatible materials, but also optimizing the design to simulate the nerve regeneration microenvironment at molecular, cell and tissue levels. The nerve scaffolds used for nerve regeneration not only exert a supporting mechanical effect, but also act as conduct electricity and sustained release of cytokine gradient. Bionics design should be further expanded from the morphology to the spatial changes of cytokines and bioelectric stimulation.