目的:研究远志的抗老年痴呆活性成分。方法:采用活性追踪的方法,利用硅胶柱层析、反相中压色谱、制备高效液相等多种色谱技术分离单体化合物;并利用多种光谱技术确定化合物的结构。结果:从远志的根中分离得到了5个三萜皂苷类化合物OnjisaponinWg(1),Fg(2),Ng(3),R(4)和O(5)及6个寡糖多酯类化合物tenuifoliosesA(6),B(7),C(8),I(9),K(10),和G(11)。结论:化合物1为新化合物,化合物2-5首次报道其核磁数据;化合物6和7显示了PCI2细胞的保护作用;化合物7和8可增强大鼠齿状回突触的传递作用,表明具有改善大鼠学习记忆的活性。
AIM: To study the chemical constituents and bioactivities of the roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd.. METHODS: Bioactivity-guide was applied to study the chemical constituents of P. tenuifolia, and the chemical structures were determined by application of spectroal data (NMR, MS). RESULTS: One new, four known triterpenoid saponins and six oligosaccharides were obtained and their structures were identified as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-presenegenin 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyrano- syl-(1→4)-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→3)]-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-O-3, 4, 5-trimethoxycinnamoyl] -β-D-fucopyranosyl ester (onjisaponin Wg, 1), onjisaponins Fg (2), Ng (3), R (4), and O (5), tenuifolioses A (6), B (7), C(8), I (9), K (10), and G (11). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a new saponin. Compounds 6 and 7 showed neuroprotective activity against glumate and serum deficiency at the concentration of 1 × 10^-5 mol·L^-1. Compounds 7 and 8 potentiated basal synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus of anesthetized rats. The NMR data of 2-5 were reported for the first time.