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中文摘要：
间接平差是最常用的平差方法，在采用法方程式进行解算时，由于各种客观原因可能会导致病态性的产生。主要探讨了采用QR分解进行误差方程式进行直接解算的算法，给出了等精度情况下、不等精度情况下和附有限制条件下间接平差的解算公式和精度评定公式，得出的计算公式对于测量平差的直接解算具有一定的参考意义。
英文摘要：
Indirct adjustment is the basic method in survey data procession. As the observation conditions is limited, the ill -conditioning problem may be resulted in. In order to overcome the shortcomings, the matrix QR decomposition method and its applications in direct solving the indirect adjustment are studied. The formulas for solving the equal - precision Observation, weighted observation and with restricted conditions are also presented, which expanded the minimum least squares solution of linear system of equation based on matrix QR.
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